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Biomedical Science and Research Journals | Physical Guidance of Cultured Retinal Neurons Using Zig-zag Surface Patterns

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  Physical Guidance of Cultured Retinal Neurons Using Zig-zag Surface Patterns Summary Keywords: Fractal,  In Vitro , Physical Cues, Retinal Neurons, Su8 Introduction The use of physical cues to control and guide various types of cells in vitro, especially neurons and their processes, has been the focus of a large amount of research. The response of neuronal processes to artificial surfaces depends on a number of factors including the cell type, the surface chemistry of the material, and the surface’s topological features [1,2]. In this Opinion piece, we investigate the extent to which retinal neuronal processes can be made to follow straight lines patterned into a surface. We show they can follow lines with relatively shallow heights of 2 μm and be made to undergo directional changes as great as 50°. However, some processes leave the lines and assume a weaving trajectory as they grow into the surface’s unpatterned regions. Based on these findings, we propose that neuronal processes wi
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Biomedical Science and Research Journals | For Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Acting of Biomarkers

  For Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Acting of Biomarkers Summary Neurodegenerative disease is a kind of progressive and incurable diseases caused by neuron degeneration and leads to cognitive impairment and dyskinesia. The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases increases with age and the age of neurodegenerative diseases tends to be younger. Biomarkers, discovered from blood or cerebrospinal fluid to imaging, are helpful in diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, especially in early and differential diagnosis, which can help choose the proper treatment. This review will focus on biomarkers used in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Prion disease diagnosis and recent advancements in biomarker discovery. Keywords:  Neurodegenerative disease, Biomarkers, Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, Prion Disease Introduction With the intensification of global aging, neurodegenerative diseases are spreading day by day, seriously affecting people’s physical and me
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Biomedical Science and Research Journals | Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B Due to the M918T Mutation de Novo at Algiers

  Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B Due to the M918T Mutation de Novo at Algiers Summary Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type2B (MEN2B) associates Medullar Thyroid Cancer (MTC), pheochromocytoma, gastrointestinal disorders, marphanoid face, and mucosal multiple ganglioneuroma. The MEN2B belongs MEN2 which are hereditary diseases related to mutations of RET proto-oncogene. Genotypic analysis is indicated in any case MEN2B and involved the detection of mutations in the RET gene. Samples of two patients aged 23, 22 and 20 years of 03 different families diagnosed MEN2B were analyzed. The genetics analysis also covers 10 members of the 03 families. It was realized, after DNA extraction from whole blood by the method to salts, by amplification of exons by PCR followed by sequencing on Applied Biosystems ABI 3130 and concerned the exons 15 and 16. Germline mutation M918T, located at exon 16 in heterozygous form, was found in the 03 index cases MEN2B. The discovery of this mutation, highly spe
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Biomedical Science and Research Journals | Lost in Translation? From Conventional Scoring Tools to Modern Data-Driven Risk Assessment in Critical Care Medicine

  Lost in Translation? From Conventional Scoring Tools to Modern Data-Driven Risk Assessment in Critical Care Medicine Abstract High-resolution, longitudinal health data became widely available in intensive care units in the past years. Patient risk assessment, however, is still primarily based on conventional scores that take into account only a few parameters taken at single time points, which frequently causes inaccurate predictions in the clinical practice. Likewise, the contribution of AI-approaches remains sparse, as current machine learning models are inherently difficult to deduce and even impressive results rarely contribute to disease understanding. This review focusses on the limitations of conventional risk scores, and on recent developments and challenges of novel, data-driven assessment tools. Keywords:  Critical Care Medicine, Risk Prediction, Decision Support, Machine learning, Artificial Intelligence Introduction Intensive care medicine is a fast-paced medical field wh
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AJBSR FAQs: Key Answers to Biomedical Research and Publishing Questions

 AJBSR FAQs: Key Answers to Biomedical Research and Publishing Questions Q: What are the Manuscript Guidelines in Open Access AJBSR? A: The Manuscript Guidelines for the American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research (AJBSR) provide detailed instructions for authors preparing their submissions. The manuscript should be structured as follows: a Title Page including the manuscript title, authors' names, affiliations, and contact information for the corresponding author; an Abstract summarizing the research in 150-300 words with key findings; 3-6 Keywords reflecting the main topics; an Introduction outlining the background, reasons, and objectives; Materials and Methods detailing the study design and procedures for replication; Results presenting findings with appropriate tables and figures; a Discussion interpreting the results and their significance; a Conclusion summarizing main findings and implications; Acknowledgments for contributors, funding sources, or institutions;
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Biomedical Science and Research Journals | Cellular Mechanisms of Chromosomal Damage in Fish Models During the Early Steps of Carcinogenesis. Does Gender have an Effect?

  Cellular Mechanisms of Chromosomal Damage in Fish Models During the Early Steps of Carcinogenesis. Does Gender have an Effect? Abstract Since fishes are widely used as model species in understanding cellular mechanisms of many human diseases such as carcinogenesis early steps, and to test the cellular potential cellular impairment of xenobiotics such as emerging pollutants, it appears of great interest to obtain strong reliable data from fish experimental researches. In humans, the loss of chromosomal integrity, detected by the increase of micronucleus frequency, was demonstrated to be associated with early events in carcinogenesis. On the other hand, the loss of chromosomal integrity was found to be associated most frequently with sex chromosomes. We should wonder if cellular mechanisms promoting chromosomal damage in fish are influenced by the gender. This brief work tries to analyze this aspect before transferring any conclusion from fishes to humans. Fish Model in Human Diseases
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