BiomedGrid

  Pharmaceutical Residues in the Aquatic Environment: Recent Studies in Estonia Introduction Ecotoxicological impacts of pharmaceuticals in the environment were first paid attention to in the 1990-ies, when a massive death of the bird species Gyps africanus or white-backed vulture occurred in Pakistan and India. This was found to be caused by accumulation of diclofenac in their kidneys. These residues originated from veterinary treatment of free-range livestock that the birds had been eating Oaks et al. [ 1 ]. There are more than 3000 different active ingredients in use for both veterinary and human medicine, including analgesics, contraceptives, antibiotics, neuroactive compounds, beta blockers, lipid regulators and their metabolites. Carlsson [ 2 ] who has assessed the ecotoxicological effects of 27 different pharmaceuticals, has assessed, that the most harmful for the environment are diclofenac, ethinylestradiol, ibuprofen, metoprolol, norethisterone,...

Patient Perspective Regarding Medical Services in 21st Century Opinion To start, I would like to mention that this document is my opinion based on my personal experience from the previous years. It is not meant to accuse or denigrate anyone in anyway. It is meant to be a reflective document from a patient and business professional perspective. In the recent years, we have witnessed a boom of private medical practices. Do not get me wrong, this is a good thing from economic perspective; it is good from competition point of view as well. However, the question remains: what about us, the patients? Fortunately, or unfortunately, in the last few years, I had to deal with doctors and hospitals much more than I was wishing or expecting. I have seen doctors who are just interested in money and they would ready to operate on “patient own reconnaissance” and full payment upfront until really professionals who had time to discuss with me the options, recommend the best minimu...

Review on Some Virulence Factors Associated with Campylobacter Colonization and Infection in Poultry and Human Introduction Campylobacter is one of the most important four global diarrheal diseases. It is considered to be the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis in the world causing a disease called Campylobacteriosis . In developing countries, Campylobacteriosis in children under the age of 2 years are especially frequent and sometimes resulting in death [ 1 ]. Mainly C. jejuni and C. Coli are well recognized causes of human campylobacteriososis with symptoms ranging from mild watery diarrhea to serious neuropathies [ 2 ]. Poultry (particularly chicken and contaminated raw chicken carcasses) is considered to be the main source for human campylobacteriososis. Other sources such as water, raw milk, Cattle, sheep, pigs, cats, dogs, vehicles, rodents and insects are known as possible sources for not only human but also poultry Campylobacteriosis . After...

The Multifunctional Therapeutic Approach to Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Molecular Bases, Pharmacology and Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects a large part of the elderly population, aged over 65 years. With increasing life expectancy, AD has become the most common form of dementia, leading to progressive impairment of daily living activities and a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms and behavioral changes. Despite advances in recent years, the chemotherapy treatment of AD still presents a challenge, since a great part of the therapies only act in the reduction of the symptoms in order to improve the quality of life of the patient. In this context, this mini review seeks to illustrate and emphasize the need to understand AD at a molecular level and to combine multi-target strategies in order to develop new drugs, safe use and with fewer adverse effects, as a...