BiomedGrid

  Frontiers in Human Mycobiome in Health and Disease Introduction The humans are colonized by abundant and diverse fungi, collectively referred to as mycobiome which has garnered much less attention to date than the colonizing bacterial microbiome. The advancement of next-generation high throughput sequencing technologies have expanded our knowledge substantially in human microbiome and gradually in human mycobiome in association with health and disease [ 1 ,  2 ]. Different fungal taxa were identified in the intestines, oral cavity, skin, vagina and lungs, varying across body sites [ 3 ], and also over time and with diet, environment and diseases [ 4 ,  5 ]. In human gut,  Aspergillus, Candida, Debaryomyces, Malassezia, Penicillium, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Cladosporium, Clavispora, Cyberlindnera, and Galactomyces  are the most prevalent fungal genera [ 6 ,  7 ,  8 ]. Particularly, the species Candida albicans colonizes the oropharynx, genital, and gastrointestinal mucosa of 30-70% of h

  DSM 5: Controversial Acceptance and Ongoing Challenges Abstract Mental health disorders effect almost 25% of Americans in a given year and is the leading cause of disability. These disorders can cause substantial detrimental changes in society due to lack of proper screening principles and comprehensive care. Disparities in health, education, employment, wealth and socio-economic standings are quite apparent in the psychiatric population. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association has published a book, which organized mental health pathologies into distinct groups to further standardize the way these illnesses can be categorized. The latest version of this manual, the DSM 5, was published in 2013 and it includes specific changes compared to the DSM IV. There continues to be still criticism aimed at the DSM 5 due its focus on symptomology instead of biological underpinnings of mental illness. Ultimately, the DSM 5 is an effort to further standardize

  Autism Spectrum Disorder and Co-morbidities: A Closer Look at Pathogenesis and Clinical Implications Abstract The overlap in clinical manifestation of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and its psychiatric co-morbidities, including Schizophrenia (SCZ), are frequently overlooked. In this review, we enumerated the genetic markers, signs of inflammation and gut-microbiome-brain signatures, and excitation/inhibition imbalances shared by ASD and SCZ. We also summarized advancements in early detection as a result of the predictive value of certain biomarkers and in the development of evidence-based emerging treatments for ASD and co-morbidities. Keywords:  Co-Morbidities; Genes; Epigenetics; Pathogenesis; Clinical Implications; Early Diagnosis; Emerging Treatments Abbreviations:  ASD: Autism Spectrum Disorder; SCZ: Schizophrenia; CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CNVs: Copy Number Variations; MIA: Maternal Immune Activation; BBB: Blood-Brain Barrier; IVIG: Intravenous Immunoglob

  Sylvian Aqueductal Web/ Diaphragm-A Case Report and Short Review of Imaging Techniques Abstract Aqueductal Web/Diaphragm (AW/D) causing Aqueductal stenosis is a known but uncommon entity [1]. Appropriate diagnosis helps in prompt and adequate patient care. We present a case report of a 48 YOF who was evaluated for acute mental status changes with severe headaches. Regular CT images demonstrated obstructive hydrocephalus at the level of the Sylvian aqueduct. When an additional 10 minutes was spent on post processing using CT 3D Multiple Plane Reconstruction (MPR) function on a McKesson PACS radiology station, it showed an AW/D as the cause of obstructive hydrocephalus. As the patient was confused and couldn’t hold still, conventional MRI with 3D CISS sequince contained motion artifact, but still confirmed the finding. Keywords:  Aqueduct stenosis, Sylvian Aqueduct web, Sylvian Aqueduct diaphragm, Obstructive hydrocephalus, CISS-Constructive Interference in Steady State, CSF-Cisternogr