Biomedical Science and Research Journals | Assessment of 3 Tac-I/Beta, an Antimicrobial Peptide Source, in the Control of Pseudomonas Plant Pathogens

Diseases caused by Pseudomonas syringae and other species of Pseudomonas cause severe losses in different fruit crops worldwide. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small and consist of a variety of proteins that act on the lipid bilayer of the bacterial membrane that is produced by multicellular organisms. The product, 3 Tac-I/Beta, is a biopesticide that bases its action on three Trichoderma strains (T. viride strain T-26, T. harzianum strain T-22, and T. longibrachiatum strain T-397), its total concentration is >25 x 103 c.f.u. g-1, which is authorized in Chile to control different fungal diseases in fruit and vegetable crops. However, the reduction of bacterial stone canker disease has suggested a possible AMPs mode of action associated with 3 Tac-I/Beta. In this study we used Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM) to assess the possible AMP activity of this product on the bacterial membrane of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss). The effect of two filtered solutions of 3 Tac-I/Beta (commercial and concentrated) on the population of this bacterium was assessed by using in vitro tests.
Control on this bacterial plant pathogen in cherry plants cv. Bing treated with 3 Tac-I/Beta, copper hydroxide, and copper oxide was assessed in a pot experiment. This TEM study showed a marked damage on the membrane of P. syringae pv. syringae, which affected the bacillus shape of the bacterium by changing the continuity of its membrane. In vitro tests on a homogeneous lawn of Pss showed the formation of inhibition halos around discs treated with filtered 3 Tac-I/Beta across the surface of agar King B-medium plates. Reduction in the bacterial population after 18 hours of bacterial growth in King B medium amendment with a solution of commercial and concentrated filtered of 3 Tac-I/Beta were observed. Bacterial growth, expressed as the optical density of cell culture, was reduced by around 12% when 3 Tac-I/Beta was used, while a concentrated AMP solution of filtered 3 Tac-I/Beta showed a reduction of around 34.8% after 18 hours of co-culture. The effect on bacterial growth was maintained for 30 hours for both filtered solutions of the product. Preventive spraying of 3 Tac-I/Beta on cherry plants cv. ‘Bing’.

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